Quins aliatges d'alumini són adequats per fer vaixells?

A common material for making ships is aluminum alloy. En el 1000-8000 sèrie, some alloys are widely used in ships. Aluminum alloys are widely used in the shipbuilding industry because of their excellent properties such as light weight, resistència a la corrosió, and high strength.

The aluminum alloys used in the shipbuilding industry are usually divided into two series: 5000 sèrie (Al-Mg) i 6000 sèrie (Al-Mg-Si). These two series of aluminum alloys have very good moisture resistance and corrosion resistance, and can be used longer in humid environments.

What are the differences between the 500 series and the 6000 series in terms of shipbuilding?

5000 aliatges en sèrie (aliatges d'alumini i magnesi)

Among the 5xxx series aluminum alloys, 5083 i 5086 are the two most widely used aluminum alloys.

Alumini 5083 aliatge

Composició: Contains magnesium (4.0-4.9%), manganès (0.4-1.0%) and trace chromium (0.05-0.25%).
Característiques:
High Strength: One of the strongest non-heat-treatable alloys.
Excellent Corrosion Resistance: Particularly resistant to seawater and industrial chemicals.
Good Weldability: Suitable for welding, a popular choice for ship hulls and superstructures.
Moderate Machinability: Can be machined to a satisfactory surface.

Alumini 5086 Aliatge

Composició: Contains magnesium (3.5-4.5%), manganès (0.2-0.7%), and iron (≤ 0.5%).
Característiques:
High Strength: Slightly lower in strength than 5083, but still very strong.
Excellent Corrosion Resistance: Particularly suitable for seawater and harsh environments.
Good Weldability: Commonly used for ship hulls and other structures in marine environments.
Good Formability: Can be easily formed into complex shapes.

6000 Series Alloys (Aluminum-Magnesium-Silicon)

Alumini 6061 Aliatge

Composició: Contains magnesium (0.8-1.2%), silici (0.4-0.8%), and small amounts of copper (0.15-0.4%) and chromium (0.04-0.35%).
Característiques:
Medium-high strength: Good strength after heat treatment.
Bona resistència a la corrosió: Suitable for marine environments.
Excel·lent soldabilitat: Can be welded by all methods.
Bona mecanització: Commonly used in marine fittings, small boats and masts.
Bona conformabilitat: Can be easily formed into various shapes.

Alumini 6082 Aliatge

Composició: Contains magnesium (0.6-1.2%), silici (0.7-1.3%) i manganès (0.4-1.0%).
Característiques:
Alta resistència: Higher strength than 6061, suitable for more demanding applications.
Bona resistència a la corrosió: Ideal for marine and structural applications.
Bona soldabilitat: Suitable for welding and can be heat treated.
Bona mecanització: Commonly used in shipbuilding structural applications and decks.

Comparison and Applications of 5-Series and 6-Series Aluminum Alloys

5000 Series vs. 6000 Sèrie

Item	5000 sèrie	6000 sèrie
Força	5000 Series alloys generally have higher strength in the non-heat-treatable condition compared to 6000 Sèrie.
Resistència a la corrosió	Both series have excellent corrosion resistance, però 5000 Series generally outperforms in marine environments due to the higher magnesium content.
Soldabilitat	Both series are highly weldable, però 5000 Series alloys may be better suited for large structural components due to their better performance and the absence of post-weld heat treatment.
Mecanització	6000 Series alloys generally have better machinability, making them suitable for fine fittings and components.

Applications in Shipbuilding

5083 i 5086: Widely used in hulls, superestructures, and other large structural components due to their strength and corrosion resistance.
6061 i 6082: Used in various parts of ships, such as fittings, masts, ladders, and frames. They are easy to machine and have good overall properties, making them suitable for smaller parts and structural elements.

El 5000 aliatges en sèrie, especially 5083 i 5086, are favored for their high strength and corrosion resistance, making them ideal for hulls and large structural parts. El 6000 aliatges en sèrie, inclòs 6061 i 6082, are favored for their excellent machinability, soldabilitat, and suitability for smaller parts and fittings.